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5 lessons from a year in flux

From tariffs to GLP-1s and AI, see which pharmacy topics led the conversation — and why they still matter going into 2026.

December 1, 2025 | 7-minute read

1. The reimagining of pharmacy services

While the pharmacy care services business model pioneered by Optum Rx has been evolving for decades, the pace of change accelerated rapidly in 2025. We fundamentally rethought longstanding practices, transparency, how pharmacies are reimbursed and the processes governing how members receive their medicines. These changes included:

And this wasn’t change for its own sake. This seemingly diverse array of advances is each intended to boost the singular goal of transforming the PBM to provide greater plan value and service to our members.

2. The AI wave washes over pharmacy

Advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence seemed increasingly enmeshed in daily life in 2025. This was certainly true in pharmacy care services. At Optum Rx, AI-infused services are already making an impact by simplifying the member experience, enabling providers for better care and empowering clients with self-service options. 

In a November Pharmacy Insights Podcast, two of our technology experts, Santiago Abraham and Jen McGonigle, recapped the latest in how AI advances at Optum Rx represent the cutting edge of pharmacy care and how we ensure responsible use of AI.

3. Regulatory changes make an impact

The impact of the federal government on pharmacy benefits was outsized in 2025. In May an executive order requested “Most Favored Nation” prescription drug pricing from pharmaceutical manufacturers, and in November agreements were announced offering discounted prices of certain GLP-1 medications through the Medicare and Medicaid programs. Planned tariffs on imported drugs to encourage pharmaceutical manufacturing in the U.S landed before the Supreme Court. 

At the state level, new laws adversely impacting pharmacy benefits were enacted. In Arkansas, a law prohibiting any pharmacy affiliated with a PBM from obtaining or maintaining a pharmacy permit forced the closure of retail and specialty pharmacies within the state. 

Representatives for Optum Rx regularly meet with policymakers, legislators and regulators to educate them about the potential implications these laws can have. We also have quarterly webinars to help inform plan sponsors about new and emerging federal and state policies impacting pharmacy benefits. Watch the Fall 2025 Regulatory Update on-demand.

4. Innovative approaches to women’s health

Despite advancements in health care, the gap between men’s and women’s health remains wide. For example, women pay 30% more out-of-pocket on prescriptions than men. 

With women aged 55 or older representing the fastest-growing segment of the labor force, the need for solutions tailored to this demographic is vital to reducing long-term costs for plan sponsors and improving workforce health.

This is especially true during menopause, when elevated risks for certain health conditions reside as women progress through conditions across menopause stages. During peri-menopause, the risks of osteoporosis and obesity rise with fluctuating hormone levels. During menopause, risks for type 2 diabetes and heart disease go up as estrogen protection diminishes. Post-menopause, these low estrogen levels can contribute to Alzheimer’s disease and cognitive decline.

To address this need, Optum Rx is preparing to launch a pilot program for Optum Rx clients who wish to provide menopause care and resources to their members. Unlike many menopause benefit solutions that focus solely on lifestyle management, this holistic solution combines wraparound support with access to clinician-prescribed hormone replacement therapy for appropriate patients. Watch the Focus On Menopause webinar on-demand.

5. New drugs and indications abound

As with every year, new, innovative and expensive medications came to market in 2025. 

In January, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Journavx™, a novel, non-opioid painkiller. With opioid addiction still representing a major public health crisis, the new drug offers prescribers a non-addictive option to treat acute pain after common surgeries.

In addition to new entrants, existing drugs received new approvals with the related financial implications for plan sponsors. Leqembi, already approved in an IV formulation to treat Alzheimer’s disease in certain patients, gained new approval for a subcutaneous injection, potentially shifting where the drug is administered and moving costs from the medical to the pharmacy benefit. 

Notably, drugs in the GLP-1 class, which are already a financial consideration for payers, also gained new approvals and potential access to wider populations of users. Zepbound® gained approval to treat obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in obese patients while Ozempic® gained an indication to treat chronic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. In August, the FDA approved the GLP-1 drug Wegovy® to treat metabolic-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) in adults with moderate-to-advanced fibrosis in the liver. This made Wegovy the first GLP-1 and only second drug overall approved for MASH. These expanded indications underscore the growing clinical and economic significance of GLP-1 therapies across multiple disease states. 

To keep plan sponsors aware of potentially impactful new treatments, our pipeline and drug surveillance team continuously monitors and evaluates drug development to share important upcoming approvals. To dive deeper, check out the latest new drug report or listen to a recent Pharmacy Insights Podcast featuring members of the team. 

A note of appreciation

As 2025 winds to a close, we’d like to say thanks for your ongoing readership. We know there are many demands on your attention and we truly appreciate your time and engagement. 

We take pride in bringing you the latest pharmacy news and try to cover a broad range of topics. 

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